Left, right, left, right

[Archaic Torso of Apollo]

The whole symphony is Shostakovich's answer to Mahler, with a little Popov mixed in too.

I persist in suspecting that a major influence on DSCH 4 was Krenek's 2nd. The structural similarities are remarkable. Also, a lot of German/Austrian music of that type (Berg etc) was played in Russia until Stalin & Co. shut the avant-garde window in the 1930s, so DSCH might have even heard the Krenek live.

[starrynight]

Where (for instance) are the marches in Prokofiev's symphonies?

There's a Gavotte in his first symphony, and that's not anything you find in the music of Wagner, Brahms, Mozart or Beethoven . . . .

You might be exaggerating yourself a bit now.    A quick search on the internet suggests Mozart did probably write a gavotte, maybe several.