Ageist!
Well - Petrenko was born after DSCH died and would have been about 15 at the time of the dissolution of the USSR. I question whether he can really have stored up enough angst and bile
Since you suggest that you will only consider a Russian conductor, I'll go ahead and mention one of my favorite cycles: Maksim Shostakovich.
Well the question was about cycles, and really it's more that I'm not a cycles person - there are at least 5, probably 7, DSCH symphonies that don't interest me at all. (And I would say similar of almost any composer.) So the recordings I know are all as a result of
le cherry-picking (a word that appears to have newly entered the French vocabulary

). I do rather like
Caetani - he does at least have a direct connection back to Mravinsky, is my excuse for that. But I also like (in contrast)
Wigglesworth, and I guess he is about as westernised as you can get - and maybe the best-recorded that I've heard. But neither of those is bargain price.
Confession time, the truth is, surveying my collection of the 8 symphonies I do like, and my favoured versions of them, only one Soviet-era conductor figures -
Svetlanov (10th).
Sanderling (15th) and
De Priest (11th) come close, I suppose.
Ormandy (1st) of course did collaborate with the composer. I still favour
Previn for the 5th!

And yes,
Kondrashin for that
9th/Stepan Razin issue, outstanding.